Home  
Site Partners: SpotterGuides Veloce Books  
Related Sites: Your Link Here  

Go Back   TenTenths Motorsport Forum > Single Seater Racing > Indycar Series

Reply
 
Thread Tools Display Modes
Old 7 May 2024, 12:52 (Ref:4207736)   #6651
broadrun96
Veteran
 
broadrun96's Avatar
 
Join Date: Mar 2005
United States
Posts: 12,213
broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!
With Roger I'm sure suspended and not on property is painful with or without pay, but I would guess without to make it stick for them and not just the team
broadrun96 is online now  
Quote
Old 7 May 2024, 13:18 (Ref:4207739)   #6652
GTRMagic
Race Official
1% Club
 
GTRMagic's Avatar
 
Join Date: Dec 2002
Australia
Sell me this pen....
Posts: 47,507
GTRMagic will be entering the Motorsport Hall of FameGTRMagic will be entering the Motorsport Hall of FameGTRMagic will be entering the Motorsport Hall of FameGTRMagic will be entering the Motorsport Hall of FameGTRMagic will be entering the Motorsport Hall of FameGTRMagic will be entering the Motorsport Hall of FameGTRMagic will be entering the Motorsport Hall of FameGTRMagic will be entering the Motorsport Hall of Fame


From Mr Cindric, in response
GTRMagic is offline  
__________________
Go woke, Go broke… #CANCERSUCKS #GOCHIKO
Here’s hoping a random universe works out in your favour…
The meaning of life… ENJOYING THE PASSAGE OF TIME!
Quote
Old 7 May 2024, 23:12 (Ref:4207777)   #6653
GTRMagic
Race Official
1% Club
 
GTRMagic's Avatar
 
Join Date: Dec 2002
Australia
Sell me this pen....
Posts: 47,507
GTRMagic will be entering the Motorsport Hall of FameGTRMagic will be entering the Motorsport Hall of FameGTRMagic will be entering the Motorsport Hall of FameGTRMagic will be entering the Motorsport Hall of FameGTRMagic will be entering the Motorsport Hall of FameGTRMagic will be entering the Motorsport Hall of FameGTRMagic will be entering the Motorsport Hall of FameGTRMagic will be entering the Motorsport Hall of Fame
”…Software was installed 8 months ago…! - Roger Penske

Um… WOW!!

What does that mean about last year’s championship too?

WOW!!
GTRMagic is offline  
__________________
Go woke, Go broke… #CANCERSUCKS #GOCHIKO
Here’s hoping a random universe works out in your favour…
The meaning of life… ENJOYING THE PASSAGE OF TIME!
Quote
Old 7 May 2024, 23:35 (Ref:4207780)   #6654
broadrun96
Veteran
 
broadrun96's Avatar
 
Join Date: Mar 2005
United States
Posts: 12,213
broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!
Quote:
Originally Posted by GTRMagic View Post
”…Software was installed 8 months ago…! - Roger Penske

Um… WOW!!

What does that mean about last year’s championship too?

WOW!!
It was installed 8 months ago as they started testing the hybrid system then. They disabled it properly for the other races. Indy reviewed the data from then and found no violations. Everyone knew why it was on the car but they needed to follow procedure from the test before and revert to the race setting
broadrun96 is online now  
Quote
Old 8 May 2024, 06:56 (Ref:4207803)   #6655
GTRMagic
Race Official
1% Club
 
GTRMagic's Avatar
 
Join Date: Dec 2002
Australia
Sell me this pen....
Posts: 47,507
GTRMagic will be entering the Motorsport Hall of FameGTRMagic will be entering the Motorsport Hall of FameGTRMagic will be entering the Motorsport Hall of FameGTRMagic will be entering the Motorsport Hall of FameGTRMagic will be entering the Motorsport Hall of FameGTRMagic will be entering the Motorsport Hall of FameGTRMagic will be entering the Motorsport Hall of FameGTRMagic will be entering the Motorsport Hall of Fame
The question is why it even needed to be there.
Seems clumsy all round.
Replace the ECU so there is .zero possibility of exactly what happened happening.
Madness..
GTRMagic is offline  
__________________
Go woke, Go broke… #CANCERSUCKS #GOCHIKO
Here’s hoping a random universe works out in your favour…
The meaning of life… ENJOYING THE PASSAGE OF TIME!
Quote
Old 8 May 2024, 08:35 (Ref:4207807)   #6656
v8supes
Veteran
 
Join Date: Mar 2023
Posts: 813
v8supes should be qualifying in the top 10 on the grid
Yes, im sure they wont be working in the Penske HQ or at home during these events..... Its not like they haven't got live data and computers....
v8supes is offline  
Quote
Old 8 May 2024, 12:29 (Ref:4207830)   #6657
bjohnsonsmith
Race Official
20KPINAL
 
bjohnsonsmith's Avatar
 
Join Date: Jul 2008
United States
London, England
Posts: 23,860
bjohnsonsmith is the undisputed Champion of the World!bjohnsonsmith is the undisputed Champion of the World!bjohnsonsmith is the undisputed Champion of the World!bjohnsonsmith is the undisputed Champion of the World!bjohnsonsmith is the undisputed Champion of the World!bjohnsonsmith is the undisputed Champion of the World!bjohnsonsmith is the undisputed Champion of the World!bjohnsonsmith is the undisputed Champion of the World!bjohnsonsmith is the undisputed Champion of the World!bjohnsonsmith is the undisputed Champion of the World!bjohnsonsmith is the undisputed Champion of the World!
In this article from Racer, just after the P2P scandal was exposed, both Tim Cindric and Ron Ruzewski give their explanation regarding P2P.



https://racer.com/2024/04/26/the-how...-and-ruzewski/
bjohnsonsmith is offline  
__________________
"If you're not winning you're not trying."
Colin Chapman.
Quote
Old 10 May 2024, 11:29 (Ref:4207981)   #6658
bjohnsonsmith
Race Official
20KPINAL
 
bjohnsonsmith's Avatar
 
Join Date: Jul 2008
United States
London, England
Posts: 23,860
bjohnsonsmith is the undisputed Champion of the World!bjohnsonsmith is the undisputed Champion of the World!bjohnsonsmith is the undisputed Champion of the World!bjohnsonsmith is the undisputed Champion of the World!bjohnsonsmith is the undisputed Champion of the World!bjohnsonsmith is the undisputed Champion of the World!bjohnsonsmith is the undisputed Champion of the World!bjohnsonsmith is the undisputed Champion of the World!bjohnsonsmith is the undisputed Champion of the World!bjohnsonsmith is the undisputed Champion of the World!bjohnsonsmith is the undisputed Champion of the World!
Arrow McLaren sign Theo Pourchaire for the rest season, excluding the Indy 500.

https://racer.com/2024/05/09/arrow-m...-the-indy-500/
bjohnsonsmith is offline  
__________________
"If you're not winning you're not trying."
Colin Chapman.
Quote
Old 10 May 2024, 11:55 (Ref:4207984)   #6659
broadrun96
Veteran
 
broadrun96's Avatar
 
Join Date: Mar 2005
United States
Posts: 12,213
broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!
Assume they will run Ilott for the 500 since the kid isn't eligible for superspeedways yet
broadrun96 is online now  
Quote
Old 10 May 2024, 13:47 (Ref:4207997)   #6660
joeb
Race Official
Veteran
 
joeb's Avatar
 
Join Date: Oct 2007
United States
Baton Rouge, LA
Posts: 16,630
joeb is the undisputed Champion of the World!joeb is the undisputed Champion of the World!joeb is the undisputed Champion of the World!joeb is the undisputed Champion of the World!joeb is the undisputed Champion of the World!joeb is the undisputed Champion of the World!joeb is the undisputed Champion of the World!joeb is the undisputed Champion of the World!joeb is the undisputed Champion of the World!joeb is the undisputed Champion of the World!joeb is the undisputed Champion of the World!
Quote:
Originally Posted by bjohnsonsmith View Post
Arrow McLaren sign Theo Pourchaire for the rest season, excluding the Indy 500.

https://racer.com/2024/05/09/arrow-m...-the-indy-500/
If they can just get Pato to stop running into him I think he will have a great season.

Serious question, does he count in the rookie of the year standings? Or do you have to be a full season entrant for that? Some of the "rookies" this year ran a few races last year so i am not sure on the exact rules.
joeb is offline  
Quote
Old 10 May 2024, 13:59 (Ref:4207999)   #6661
bjohnsonsmith
Race Official
20KPINAL
 
bjohnsonsmith's Avatar
 
Join Date: Jul 2008
United States
London, England
Posts: 23,860
bjohnsonsmith is the undisputed Champion of the World!bjohnsonsmith is the undisputed Champion of the World!bjohnsonsmith is the undisputed Champion of the World!bjohnsonsmith is the undisputed Champion of the World!bjohnsonsmith is the undisputed Champion of the World!bjohnsonsmith is the undisputed Champion of the World!bjohnsonsmith is the undisputed Champion of the World!bjohnsonsmith is the undisputed Champion of the World!bjohnsonsmith is the undisputed Champion of the World!bjohnsonsmith is the undisputed Champion of the World!bjohnsonsmith is the undisputed Champion of the World!
Quote:
Originally Posted by joeb View Post
If they can just get Pato to stop running into him I think he will have a great season.

Serious question, does he count in the rookie of the year standings? Or do you have to be a full season entrant for that? Some of the "rookies" this year ran a few races last year so i am not sure on the exact rules.

I Googled, ''what is a rookie indycar driver'' and it came up with this:


A driver is considered a rookie in the IndyCar series during a given season if the driver has. 1) not participated in more than four races during an IndyCar season, and. 2) participated in less than eight IndyCar races in their career.
bjohnsonsmith is offline  
__________________
"If you're not winning you're not trying."
Colin Chapman.
Quote
Old 10 May 2024, 14:05 (Ref:4208003)   #6662
S griffin
Veteran
 
Join Date: Jul 2013
Posts: 18,812
S griffin is going for a new world record!S griffin is going for a new world record!S griffin is going for a new world record!S griffin is going for a new world record!S griffin is going for a new world record!S griffin is going for a new world record!S griffin is going for a new world record!
Quote:
Originally Posted by bjohnsonsmith View Post
I Googled, ''what is a rookie indycar driver'' and it came up with this:


A driver is considered a rookie in the IndyCar series during a given season if the driver has. 1) not participated in more than four races during an IndyCar season, and. 2) participated in less than eight IndyCar races in their career.

That makes sense. If they’ve only done one race previously, they are hardly out of their novice phase
S griffin is online now  
__________________
He who dares wins!
He who hesitates is lost!
Quote
Old 12 May 2024, 01:33 (Ref:4208578)   #6663
joeb
Race Official
Veteran
 
joeb's Avatar
 
Join Date: Oct 2007
United States
Baton Rouge, LA
Posts: 16,630
joeb is the undisputed Champion of the World!joeb is the undisputed Champion of the World!joeb is the undisputed Champion of the World!joeb is the undisputed Champion of the World!joeb is the undisputed Champion of the World!joeb is the undisputed Champion of the World!joeb is the undisputed Champion of the World!joeb is the undisputed Champion of the World!joeb is the undisputed Champion of the World!joeb is the undisputed Champion of the World!joeb is the undisputed Champion of the World!
Quote:
Originally Posted by bjohnsonsmith View Post
I Googled, ''what is a rookie indycar driver'' and it came up with this:


A driver is considered a rookie in the IndyCar series during a given season if the driver has. 1) not participated in more than four races during an IndyCar season, and. 2) participated in less than eight IndyCar races in their career.
I think i heard Linus did 3 races last season, but what about Blomqvist? I thought he did more.
joeb is offline  
Quote
Old 12 May 2024, 01:37 (Ref:4208581)   #6664
TheMightyM
Veteran
 
TheMightyM's Avatar
 
Join Date: Aug 2012
Location:
Charlotte, NC
Posts: 1,494
TheMightyM has a real shot at the podium!TheMightyM has a real shot at the podium!TheMightyM has a real shot at the podium!TheMightyM has a real shot at the podium!
Quote:
Originally Posted by joeb View Post
I think i heard Linus did 3 races last season, but what about Blomqvist? I thought he did more.

Per Wikipedia, Blomqvist also did three races (Toronto, Portland, and Laguna Seca): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_IndyCar_Series
TheMightyM is offline  
__________________
“Sometimes there’s no poison like a dream.” — Tanya Donelly
Quote
Old 13 May 2024, 14:30 (Ref:4208813)   #6665
broadrun96
Veteran
 
broadrun96's Avatar
 
Join Date: Mar 2005
United States
Posts: 12,213
broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!
Round 5: The 108th running of the Indianapolis 500. May 14 - 26.

And McLaren has confirmed Ilott for the 500

https://racer.com/2024/05/13/arrow-m...-for-indy-500/
broadrun96 is online now  
Quote
Old 14 May 2024, 18:29 (Ref:4208952)   #6666
broadrun96
Veteran
 
broadrun96's Avatar
 
Join Date: Mar 2005
United States
Posts: 12,213
broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!
Hybrid debut at Mid Ohio. Hopefully Penske loads the correct software version this time

https://racer.com/2024/05/14/indycar...-for-mid-ohio/

Interestingly the oval package will include a harvest paddle to allow the drivers to harvest and recharge while in the draft. The rules for road and street are a bit complicated but sounds like they can deploy both P2P and hybrid at the same time.
broadrun96 is online now  
Quote
Old 15 May 2024, 15:46 (Ref:4209050)   #6667
NaBUru38
Veteran
 
NaBUru38's Avatar
 
Join Date: Oct 2009
Uruguay
Las Canteras, Uruguay
Posts: 10,713
NaBUru38 is going for a new world record!NaBUru38 is going for a new world record!NaBUru38 is going for a new world record!NaBUru38 is going for a new world record!NaBUru38 is going for a new world record!NaBUru38 is going for a new world record!NaBUru38 is going for a new world record!NaBUru38 is going for a new world record!
I can't wait for the hybrid on ovals, I'm convinced that it will increase overtaking.
NaBUru38 is offline  
__________________
Nitropteron - Fly fast or get crushed!
by NaBUrean Prodooktionz
naburu38.itch.io
Quote
Old 15 May 2024, 19:15 (Ref:4209074)   #6668
broadrun96
Veteran
 
broadrun96's Avatar
 
Join Date: Mar 2005
United States
Posts: 12,213
broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!
It is definitely an interesting option, I kinda like the idea of an even somewhat unlimited use it as you want and the leader can use system. Can see teams doing passes to let each teammate charge so they don't leave the leader out to dry. It's just another option and super capacitor over battery is another option to develop even if this is limited development
broadrun96 is online now  
Quote
Old 16 May 2024, 22:23 (Ref:4209219)   #6669
broadrun96
Veteran
 
broadrun96's Avatar
 
Join Date: Mar 2005
United States
Posts: 12,213
broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!
Stingy gets a new sponsor and livery for rest of season

https://racer.com/2024/05/15/robb-la...ndycar-season/
broadrun96 is online now  
Quote
Old 17 May 2024, 14:09 (Ref:4209293)   #6670
joeb
Race Official
Veteran
 
joeb's Avatar
 
Join Date: Oct 2007
United States
Baton Rouge, LA
Posts: 16,630
joeb is the undisputed Champion of the World!joeb is the undisputed Champion of the World!joeb is the undisputed Champion of the World!joeb is the undisputed Champion of the World!joeb is the undisputed Champion of the World!joeb is the undisputed Champion of the World!joeb is the undisputed Champion of the World!joeb is the undisputed Champion of the World!joeb is the undisputed Champion of the World!joeb is the undisputed Champion of the World!joeb is the undisputed Champion of the World!
Quote:
Originally Posted by broadrun96 View Post
Stingy gets a new sponsor and livery for rest of season

https://racer.com/2024/05/15/robb-la...ndycar-season/
That is awesome! They should do different liveries based on different dog breeds.
joeb is offline  
Quote
Old 17 May 2024, 14:45 (Ref:4209300)   #6671
bjohnsonsmith
Race Official
20KPINAL
 
bjohnsonsmith's Avatar
 
Join Date: Jul 2008
United States
London, England
Posts: 23,860
bjohnsonsmith is the undisputed Champion of the World!bjohnsonsmith is the undisputed Champion of the World!bjohnsonsmith is the undisputed Champion of the World!bjohnsonsmith is the undisputed Champion of the World!bjohnsonsmith is the undisputed Champion of the World!bjohnsonsmith is the undisputed Champion of the World!bjohnsonsmith is the undisputed Champion of the World!bjohnsonsmith is the undisputed Champion of the World!bjohnsonsmith is the undisputed Champion of the World!bjohnsonsmith is the undisputed Champion of the World!bjohnsonsmith is the undisputed Champion of the World!
Quote:
Originally Posted by joeb View Post
That is awesome! They should do different liveries based on different dog breeds.

Woof!
bjohnsonsmith is offline  
__________________
"If you're not winning you're not trying."
Colin Chapman.
Quote
Old 17 May 2024, 14:46 (Ref:4209301)   #6672
S griffin
Veteran
 
Join Date: Jul 2013
Posts: 18,812
S griffin is going for a new world record!S griffin is going for a new world record!S griffin is going for a new world record!S griffin is going for a new world record!S griffin is going for a new world record!S griffin is going for a new world record!S griffin is going for a new world record!
Indycar News & Rumors.

Quote:
Originally Posted by joeb View Post
That is awesome! They should do different liveries based on different dog breeds.

Now that would be adorable
S griffin is online now  
__________________
He who dares wins!
He who hesitates is lost!
Quote
Old 22 May 2024, 21:11 (Ref:4210032)   #6673
bjohnsonsmith
Race Official
20KPINAL
 
bjohnsonsmith's Avatar
 
Join Date: Jul 2008
United States
London, England
Posts: 23,860
bjohnsonsmith is the undisputed Champion of the World!bjohnsonsmith is the undisputed Champion of the World!bjohnsonsmith is the undisputed Champion of the World!bjohnsonsmith is the undisputed Champion of the World!bjohnsonsmith is the undisputed Champion of the World!bjohnsonsmith is the undisputed Champion of the World!bjohnsonsmith is the undisputed Champion of the World!bjohnsonsmith is the undisputed Champion of the World!bjohnsonsmith is the undisputed Champion of the World!bjohnsonsmith is the undisputed Champion of the World!bjohnsonsmith is the undisputed Champion of the World!
This article from Racer.com on IndyCar's engine formula is worth reading.


https://racer.com/2024/05/22/indycar...ng-into-focus/
bjohnsonsmith is offline  
__________________
"If you're not winning you're not trying."
Colin Chapman.
Quote
Old 23 May 2024, 18:09 (Ref:4210100)   #6674
NaBUru38
Veteran
 
NaBUru38's Avatar
 
Join Date: Oct 2009
Uruguay
Las Canteras, Uruguay
Posts: 10,713
NaBUru38 is going for a new world record!NaBUru38 is going for a new world record!NaBUru38 is going for a new world record!NaBUru38 is going for a new world record!NaBUru38 is going for a new world record!NaBUru38 is going for a new world record!NaBUru38 is going for a new world record!NaBUru38 is going for a new world record!
Frozen ICE and Hot Hybrids? I'm ok with that.
NaBUru38 is offline  
__________________
Nitropteron - Fly fast or get crushed!
by NaBUrean Prodooktionz
naburu38.itch.io
Quote
Old 24 May 2024, 18:37 (Ref:4210213)   #6675
joeb
Race Official
Veteran
 
joeb's Avatar
 
Join Date: Oct 2007
United States
Baton Rouge, LA
Posts: 16,630
joeb is the undisputed Champion of the World!joeb is the undisputed Champion of the World!joeb is the undisputed Champion of the World!joeb is the undisputed Champion of the World!joeb is the undisputed Champion of the World!joeb is the undisputed Champion of the World!joeb is the undisputed Champion of the World!joeb is the undisputed Champion of the World!joeb is the undisputed Champion of the World!joeb is the undisputed Champion of the World!joeb is the undisputed Champion of the World!
Pagenaud making his Indycar return......sort of..... in Gil de Ferrans 2003 winning car:

https://racer.com/2024/05/23/pagenau...3-indy-winner/
joeb is offline  
Quote
Reply


Posting Rules
You may not post new threads
You may not post replies
You may not post attachments
You may not edit your posts

BB code is On
Smilies are On
[IMG] code is On
HTML code is Off

Forum Jump

Similar Threads
Thread Thread Starter Forum Replies Last Post
[STCC] STCC 2012 News & Rumors PorscheFanNo1 Touring Car Racing 113 25 Sep 2012 11:38
2007 IndyCar schedule news/rumours rustyfan IRL Indycar Series 40 6 Oct 2006 04:14
Misc IndyCar News/Info 2006 rustyfan IRL Indycar Series 27 24 Mar 2006 13:59
News from IPS and IndyCar road course test (updated) Down F0rce IRL Indycar Series 34 27 Sep 2004 12:17
Rumors from the National Speed Sport News KC Formula One 3 6 May 2000 10:22


All times are GMT. The time now is 00:58.


Powered by vBulletin® Version 3.8.11
Copyright ©2000 - 2024, vBulletin Solutions Inc.
Original Website Copyright © 1998-2003 Craig Antil. All Rights Reserved.
Ten-Tenths Motorsport Forums Copyright © 2004-2021 Royalridge Computing. All Rights Reserved.
Ten-Tenths Motorsport Forums Copyright © 2021-2022 Grant MacDonald. All Rights Reserved.